Universities design their own instruction according to national statutes and their own degree
regulations. Universities have recently organised evaluation projects serving the development of their
instruction. Alongside the traditional forms of teaching – lectures, demonstrations and examinations
based on lectures and literature – instruction makes increasing use of other methods, such as essays,
projects, seminar and group work. The use of new information technologies in instruction has also
increased.
In recent years, polytechnics have strongly developed their teaching methods.
The aim has been to
increase students’ independent and self-motivated study. There are various forms of project and
teamwork and studies have also increasingly been transferred outside the institution. The role of the
teacher has clearly become more instructor-oriented. Compulsory practical on-the-job learning, worth a
minimum of 30 ECTS, enables many students to combine their diploma project included in the degree
programme with hands-on work experience and to apply their theoretical knowledge in real situations.
Topics for diploma projects come primarily from real problems in working life and, in addition, they are
often commissioned by representatives of working life. Teachers have full autonomy regarding their
teaching, as well as the materials and methods used.
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