Degree instruction at institutions of higher education is free of charge. In the university sector,
undergraduate students (those on Bachelor’s and Master’s programmes) pay a small membership fee
to the student union every year; in return, they get reduced price meals, health care services and other
social benefits. The student union membership is voluntary for postgraduate students. The
membership fees vary from university to university but were generally for the academic year 2007-
2008 between 60 and 80 euros. Students are also responsible for acquiring the required books and
materials.
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