The regulation of tertiary education is based on the Constitution, and the Act on Higher Education passed by the Parliament (
Magyar Köztársaság Országgyűlése).
In
the separation of public authoritative functions, it is the right of
the Parliament to regulate the principles, development aims as well as
areas and the state support provided for the operation of higher
education, and also the recognition of higher education institution.
Tertiary
education is available to everyone with the necessary abilities. The
2005 Act on Higher Education provides the general principles of
organisation, management, operation, and funding of institutions of
tertiary education, the independence of the university ( egyetem) and the
főiskola,
the training that they ensure, and the rights and obligations of those
participating in training. It likewise regulates the jurisdiction of
Parliament, the government, and the Minister of Education and Culture,
and the tasks of the national bodies of tertiary education and of the Hungarian Board of Accreditation (
Magyar Felsőoktatási Akkreditációs Bizottság).
The
rate and the specific sources of state funding channelled to
institutions of tertiary education are laid down annually in the Act on
the budget.
Employment as college or university professor shall
be conditional on appointment as college professor by the Prime
Minister, or to university professor by the President of the Republic
of Hungary, respectively.
The Government of the Republic of
Hungary submits bills and draft resolutions to Parliament that have a
bearing on higher education, the Higher Education Development Plan for
medium term (at least six years), and its implementation report. It
adopts a resolution to establish the quota of students admissible to
state-funded training in the year concerned, and distribute such quota
according to area of study, the work schedule of programme, and the
level of training.
Regarding tertiary institutions of military
and law enforcement the maintainers are the Minister of Defence and the
Minister of Home Affairs. Tertiary institutions specialized in both
health and agricultural training also take part in dealing with health-
and agriculture related tasks. Sectoral duties are co-ordinated and
financed by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development.
In compliance with the provisions of the
Higher Education Act, the Minister of Education and Culture is
responsible for the sectoral management of higher education. The
competence of the Minister of Education and Culture in sectoral
management extends to all activities covered by the Act regardless of
the type of institution where such activities are pursued and of the
maintainer’s status. The Minister of Education and Culture does not
hold direct authoritative rights over higher education institutions.
The public authoritative rights of the Minister of Education and
Culture are limited in the issuing of regulations and in monitoring..
The
Minister of Education and Culture participates in the preparation and
forming of Government decisions on higher education policy and
development, oversees science policy in each sector and its
implementation, coordinates the adoption of a national conception of
science policy, and puts forward proposals in such matters.
As part of the responsibilities relating to the organisation of higher education, the Minister of Education and Culture
1.
operates the information system of higher education, the graduate
career monitoring system, the Office of the Commissioner for
Educational Rights, the National Higher Education Information Centre,
the registration centre, and the Hungarian Equivalence and Information
Centre the Education Mediation Service; 2. lays down the
requirements that higher education institutions shall observe in
institutional planning and in ensuring a healthy and safe operation; 3. sends proposals to the Prime Minister for the appointment and release from service of college
főiskola
rectors and professors, and to the President of the Republic of Hungary
for the appointment and release from service of university ( egyetem) rectors and university professors;
4. establishes the principles governing sectoral quality policy; 5. proposes statistical reporting; 6. oversees the lawful operation of higher education institutions; 7. oversees the internal audit of the relevant budget chapter; 8.
determines the distribution of the quota of students admissible to
state-funded graduate and doctorate courses and to postgraduate
specialist training courses among the institutions on the basis of
their applications. 9. Based on the proposals of the Hungarian
Accreditation Committee of Higher Education, the Minister of Education
and Culture institutes’ court proceedings in case there is need to
annul the results of examinations organised by higher education
institutions and to invalidate the certificates and diplomas issued.
A
part of the sectoral duties of the Minister of Education and Culture
through authority proceedings were passed on to the Educational
Authority, a budgetary body, with a decision of first instance, and the
Minister makes decisions on second instance.
Organizational
independence of higher education institutions is guaranteed by
institutional autonomy. Autonomic operation is ensured by the Act on
Higher Education that lays down the basic principles and regulations.
Parliament determines the basic decisions concerning the existence and
operation of the higher education institutions. According to the
decision made by the Parliament higher education institutions work out
and manage the inner life of the institution by the rules and operating
regulations. It is the right of institutions to establish their
operating bodies and to practice their management rights.
The
Act on Higher Education ensures the participation in decision making
(giving consent) to the Hungarian Rectors Conference in representation
of higher education institutions, and to the Hungarian Accreditation
Committee, which is to ensure the quality assurance and accreditation
system of the Hungarian higher education system.
The Government
exercises its governance powers, determines the order of multi-cycle
training, the qualification framework, and the procedure how to launch
a programme – subject to the consent of the Hungarian Rectors
Conference, and the rules of doctoral education subject to the consent
of the Hungarian Accreditation Committee of Higher Education.
The
Minister of Education and Culture shall request the consent of the
Hungarian Rectors Conference when issues a decree on the learning
outcomes of bachelor and master courses and on the general conditions
of organizing a professional training course.
Within the bounds
of applicable legislation and the relevant decrees, institutions of
tertiary education are free to design their own organisations, and to
decide on any internal issue of the institution in accordance with
their statutes, including curricula, and study-related matters of
students.
Institutions:
Magyar Felsőoktatási Akkreditációs Bizottság 1065 Budapest, Király u. 16. Tel.:(36 1) 344-0314 Website:http://www.mab.hu
Magyar Köztársaság Országgyűlése 1055 Budapest, Kossuth Lajos tér 1-3 Tel.:(36 1) 441 4000 Website:http://www.mkogy.hu
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