The basic principle of the operation of Hungarian tertiary education
includes the constitutional rights of the individual, and the Magna
Charta of European universities ( egyetem), and the
will to improve social and national existence. Its rules of operation
ensure the freedom of education, of learning, of science, and of arts.
The objective of tertiary education is to ensure higher vocational studies,
(egyetemi képzés
)or
(
főiskolai képzés
), as well as bachelor and master degrees and qualifications to persons having completed their upper secondary studies
(
középiskola
),
or postgraduate training to those already practising some profession,
and wish to obtain a certificate/degree to facilitate employment.
Further, by providing them with knowledge on national and universal
culture it aims to equip students with the elements of an intellectual
lifestyle, to teach them to appreciate arts, to develop their command
of their mother tongue, and their foreign language skills to the extent
necessary for their qualification, and for IT literacy.
Another aim is to ensure the conditions of a healthy
and cultured lifestyle, of the freedom of education, talents
management, and assisting the studies of those socially disadvantaged
or physically disabled.
Institutions of tertiary education
realise their general objectives through the education, and further
training they provide, their scientific, and artistic activities,
scientific networking, maintaining international scientific relations,
rendering scientific services, and arranging schemes of scholarships.
The
Act on Higher education creates legal conditions for higher education
institutions and enables them to operate in line with and to benefit
from the autonomy guaranteed by it, and to ensure teacher, researcher
and student participation in exercising autonomy. The elements of
autonomy listed in the Act may be exercised within the limits defined
by the law. Provisions pertaining to autonomy may only be governed by
the law or subject to authorisation granted by the law.
Autonomy in terms of education, research, organisation, operation and management of the higher education institution
1.
incorporates the right of the higher education institution to determine
its own educational system, to set up its organisational structure, to
establish its rules and regulations, and to decide on matters
concerning students, employment and finances relating to the fulfilment
of its tasks,
2. extends to the choice of topics and the educational
and research methods applied in education, research and development as
well as in artistically creative work – taking into consideration
prevailing conditions – in respect of the teacher, the researcher and
the institution alike,
3. includes the free selection of staff
employed by the institution and the designation of their duties based
on institutional requirements and expectations concerning performance
and quality of work,
4. covers the establishment of internal
organisational bylaws and operation of the institution, including the
setting up, the transformation and the winding up of various
(educational, research, service, management and other) units, as well
as the right to institute institution-specific statutes,
5. includes the selection of the heads of the institution by means of an application scheme, and their democratic election,
The
Act on Higher Education (the Act CXXXIX of 2005 on Higher Education)
regulates the sector neutrally. It opens up opportunity to establish
institutions of tertiary education and also specifies the rights and
obligations that are irrespective of maintainers and thus every
institution are entitled for and bound by. The regulation ensures the
same rights to all tertiary institutions in professional and economic
decision making.
Every year the government specifies the total
number of students in tertiary education whose studies it can afford to
support. Institutions of tertiary education may admit further
applicants if their teaching staff and their facilities can cope with
more students, but these students will have to cover their own costs. They will participate in fee-paying training
(
költségtérítéses képzés
).
The decision is made with a strategic basis considering the fields of
education, the funding and operation of the institutions of tertiary
education.
Each Hungarian citizen has the right to pursue studies in a higher education institution under
the
conditions defined in the 2005 Act on Higher Education, enrolled in
either state-funded or fee-paying training. The following persons shall
also be vested with this right:
1. citizens of the member states of the European Economic Area and their family members,
2. refugees, asylum-seekers, exiles, immigrants, and residents living in the territory of the Republic of Hungary,
3. foreign nationals enjoying the same rights as Hungarian citizens on the basis of an international agreement,
4.
the nationals of countries where Hungarian citizens have recourse to
the higher education services of the country concerned based on the
principle of reciprocity.
Due to social and economic changes
and tasks of the European Community, the government ensured the
operation of tertiary education and the connection of tertiary
education and its environment with a new piece of legislation ( the Act CXXXIX of 2005; on Higher Education).
The Act that came into force on 1 September 2006, defined as an
objective the network transformation and operation of tertiary
education. The objective is to reform tertiary education so that it
- be open in its relations and competitive in the European market,
- provide quality education,
- successfully participate in national and international research development and innovation,
- be efficient concerning economy,
- be professionally directed in economic and academic questions, in tune with the demands of labour market.
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