Curricula are established autonomously by the higher education institutions, according to the national
strategies for higher education development and the national academic standards.
According to the provisions of the law regarding higher education institutions accreditation and diploma
recognition, the higher education curricula have to include compulsory, optional and facultative
subjects. Compulsory and optional subjects belong to any of the following categories: fundamental,
profile/specialisation and complementary subjects. For each reference domain and specialisation of
study recognized by the law the higher education institutions establish the educational
plan. The educational plan is a complex document comprising duration of studies, subjects by type and
year of study, types of activities, number of allocated hours by subject and activity, examinations, and
number of credits allocated, etc.
The structure and content of the educational plan regarding subjects, activities and number of hours
has to comply with the national academic standards. The specific standards provide the indicative list
of fundamental, profile/specialisation and complementary subjects and the ranges of the weights of the
subjects in the each specialisation’s curriculum. Depending on the specialisation of studies, the
weights of the different types of subjects in the total number of hours may range between 15% and
30% for fundamental subjects, between 50% and as high as 80% for profile and/or specialisation
subjects, and between 5% and 10% for complementary subjects. Most of the education and training
programme is compulsory (at least 60% of the time, but can be as high as 90% for certain
specialisations); optional subjects can also contribute to the study credits, but facultative subjects
usually do not. Regarding the activities, the national standards establish for each reference
domain/specialisation the ration of theoretical activities (courses) and practical ones (seminars,
laboratories, practical training, project work, etc.). For most specialisation this ration is 1:1 with a
maximum of 20% deviation in either sense; however, for certain specialisations, the time allocated to
the practical activities has to be significantly larger than for the theoretical ones (e.g. for medicine 1:2).
The final curricula for each subject are elaborated by the higher education institutions departments
according to these specific standards, analysed by the departments’ councils, and approved by
university senates.
Students wanting to pursue a teaching career have to attain and pass the courses provided by the
Teacher Training Department of the higher education institution. During this specific training, students
are required to take theoretical courses in pedagogy, psychology and specialty didactics
(methodology), as well as practical training consisting in lessons observations and assisted teaching.
Foreign languages courses are compulsory in the first two years of study, regardless of the domain or
specialisation attended. A number of higher education institutions provide complete tuition in a foreign
language for certain specialisations.
According to the provisions of the Education Law (Law 84/1995), for all education levels, education
and training is provided in Romanian. The persons belonging to the national minorities have the right to
study and be instructed in their mother tongue at all levels and forms of education as well as in all
types of education – providing there is a sufficient demand. In consequence, study lines in Hungarian
and German for students belonging to these national minorities are organised in several higher
education institutions. Besides this, certain higher education institutions organise departments for initial
teacher training for teaching the languages of national minorities in pre-university education. At the
same time, the Education Law (Law 84/1995) states that learning of Romanian, as the official
language, is compulsory for all Romanian citizens, irrespective of their nationality.
The doctoral studies may be organized either under the form of full-time for a 3-year period or part-time
for a period determined by the board of the IOD. The doctoral studies comprise the following:
High general training – determined by the student and the Director of the doctoral programme
together, subsequently approved by the council of the department, respectively by the scientific
council of the research institute.
Preparation and elaboration of the doctoral thesis. The title and the subject of the thesis are
approved by the council of the department, respectively by the scientific council of the research
institute; the student is allowed to change the subject once.
Public presentation of the doctoral thesis.
The structure of the training programme consists of theoretical and practical activities for the specific
field of the doctoral studies, at least 3 examinations and 3 research papers (or creative works in the
artistic field). For the full-time doctoral studies, the structure of the training programme includes,
besides examinations and research papers/creative works, the attendance of minimum 4 courses and
their respective seminars. These courses are established by the Director of the doctoral programme
and are approved by the IOD. The structure of this programme comprises the promotion standards of
the above-mentioned assessments. Graduates holding a diploma in a different specialisation from the
one of the doctoral studies may attend additional training programmes. The candidates for a doctorate
degree holding a diploma of post-university academic studies in the same domain or specialisation are
exempt from this stipulation.
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