The teaching-learning activities have to comply in what regards fundamental types and ratios with the
national academic standards for each reference domain and specialisation.
The teaching-learning activities for most academic subjects include lectures (theoretical courses),
seminars, laboratory classes, practical activities and projects preparation and presentation. Lectures,
usually held to a large number of students, provide the basic knowledge in a specific field of study.
Seminars are devoted to a thorough study of the themes approached in lectures and require an active
participation of the students. Laboratory classes, taught to small groups of students, are devoted to
research activities and practical training under the supervision of a tutor. For certain specialisations
practical activities – in the form of field work, scientific research, teaching practice, etc. – are required.
Teachers are free to choose their own teaching methods. During all the teaching-learning activities,
according to the specificity of the specialisation and subject, professors use a variety of teaching
methods, include:
1. Expository methods (description, explanation, etc.) and conversational methods (conversation,
heuristic conversation, questioning on a special subject, etc.) – mostly during lectures;
2. Exploratory learning methods such as direct exploration of objects and phenomena (systematic
and independent observation, experiments, practical work, etc.) and indirect exploration
(problem solving, demonstration through pictures, films, etc.) – mostly during seminars,
laboratory classes and practical activities;
3. Project preparation and presentation.
The teaching aids used in higher education depend on the specialisation and subject. Teaching
through ICT is used on an extensive scale for modelling, designing, calculating, presentations,
information acquisition, communication, etc. In higher education institutions as well as in numerous
universities campuses students have full-time free of charge access to public computers connected to
Internet. All public higher education institutions are connected to the ROEDUNET – the national
network specially designed for education and financially supported from the state budget and higher
education institutions budgets.
Individual teaching-learning activities occur during project preparations and, most of all, during the
preparation of the students for the final exams.
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