13 - Romania - Student assessment
Students assessment in higher education is accomplished through periodic (sumative) examinations
organised for each subject in the curricula. Assessments are performed in the form of oral questioning,
written papers and practical examinations as well as, in some cases, project presentations. The
evaluation criteria for the academic and professional performances of the students are established by
the higher education institutions according to the university autonomy. The concrete requirements and
evaluation criteria for each subject are regulated by the curricula (in the introductory section of each
subject). Evaluations of the students’ performances during higher education are materialised for each
subject in marks on a 10-level scale. The examination of the students for each subject is performed by
a commission comprising the professor lecturing on the given subject assisted by at least one other
specialist from the same chair/department. After each examination the mark assigned to the student is
registered in the students’ personal indexes and the official records of the institution.
Higher education institutions organise two regular examination sessions for the students during each
academic year – usually held in February and May-June respectively – and at least one second
examination session in autumn, before the beginning of the academic year. The second examination
sessions are organised for the students that did not attain or failed one or more subjects’ examinations
during the regular examination sessions. Students are granted the possibility to try to pass the
examination for a given subject (regular examination, second examination and re-examination) for
three times; if failed each time, the student has to attend once more all the teaching-learning activities
related to the respective subject. According to the provisions of the Education Law (Law 84/1995), the
higher education institutions may establish certain fees for the second examinations and reexaminations
in order to cover for the supplementary costs.
Generally, practical requirements and criteria of evaluation for all types of post-graduate studies are
regulated by the curricula (in the introductory section of each subject). The professors lecturing on the
specific subjects have full autonomy in assessing the students. For DEA studies and master-degree
studies there are four end-of-semester assessments, and two of them must be carried out in the form
of examinations. During post-university academic studies the assessment of the students is
accomplished throughout the academic year in the form of end-of-semester and end-of-year
examinations. Students attending specialty post-university studies and in-service post-university
training courses are assessed on a semester basis.
The structure of the training programme for doctoral studies consists of theoretical and practical
activities for the specific field, at least 3 examinations and 3 research papers (or creative works in the
artistic field). The examinations are performed by an Examination Commission comprising the Director
of the doctoral programme (chair of the commission) and at least two other specialists in the field
holding a diploma de doctor and appointed by the head of the IOD.
Students can advance in their education and training programme if obtaining a minimum mark of 8.00
in examinations and a 'pass' qualification for the research papers/creative works. If they fail one
examination or if one research paper is not accepted, they may sit the examination once more, or may
defend the research paper/creative work again. For the full-time doctoral studies, the structure of the
training programme includes, besides examinations and research papers/creative works, the
attendance of minimum 4 courses and their respective seminars. These courses are established by the
Director of the doctoral programme and are approved by the IOD.
Graduates holding a diploma in a different specialisation from the one of the doctoral studies may
attend additional training programmes. The candidates for a doctorate degree holding a diploma of
post-university academic studies in the same domain or specialisation are exempt from this stipulation.
Eurydice - the information network on education in Europe
Date: 2009
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