Every university determines the rules about passing the courses or
classes within the legal legislative frame independently by regulations
that is issued by their own senates. Common features and similarities
on applications of passing a course or class at the universities are
very much because they are prepared on the same shared legal basis. In
this context students’ progress can be handled in two groups as (1)
preparatory classes and (2) intermediate classes. Preparatory classes
can be one year preparatory foreign language classes as well as in a
scientific preparation form in graduate programs.
Higher
education institutions can open a compulsory or optional class under
the name of Preparatory Foreign Language Class with the reasoned
decision of the senate, suggestion of rector and approval by
Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK). Students who are registered in programs in
which education is partially or completely in foreign language and
programs that education is in Turkish and preparatory class is a must,
have to enter for Foreign Language Proficiency Examination and in case
that they are unsuccessful in this examination they should attend and
accomplish preparatory school. Students who are educated in the
preparatory school have to accomplish preparatory school successfully
in order to begin their education in bachelor’s degree or graduate
degree programs. Continuation applied to preparatory classes that have
two half terms of a normal education period, intermediate examination
amount and intermediate examinations, half term final examination,
general examination, short-term examination, homework and other
activities’ contributions on achievement score, make-up examination
that is a given right for students who can not exhibit sufficient
achievement at the end of the final examination, summer education,
foreign language support education and rudiments to be applied in
subjects such as cancelling a registry are determined by regulations
that are issued by senates of the higher education institutions.
(Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Yabancı Dil Eğitim-Öğretimi ve Yabancı
Dille Eğitim–Öğretim Yapılmasında Uyulacak Esaslara İlişkin Yönetmelik,
Articles 7-9). Preparatory foreign language classes are evaluated as a
single course even if they consist of different courses. Every
university can determine the minimum achievement score that is
determined for these classes on different levels. Students who can not
accomplish preparatory class successfully within its normal period or
within the granted additional periods can not begin the fist grade or
program courses.
In graduate programs, maximum one year
Scientific Preparatory Program can be applied for candidates to supply
their deficiencies under these conditions: (i) candidates whose
bachelor’s degree is in a different field than the master degree or
doctorate programs that they applied, (ii) master degree candidates who
obtain their bachelor’s degrees from a higher education institution
other than the higher education institution they applied, (iii)
doctorate candidates who obtain their bachelor’s or master degrees from
a higher education institution other than the higher education
institution they applied (iv) candidates who obtain their bachelor’s or
master degrees in other field other than the doctorate program that
they applied.
A student in a scientific preparatory program can
take courses of master degree programs as well as scientific
preparatory courses with the suggestion by chair of the department add
approval by Administrative Board of Institute (graduate school).
Continuation, examinations, achievement grades, conditions to be deemed
as successful, course repetition and other rudiments about scientific
preparatory program are mentioned in the regulation that is approved by
the concerned senate. Students who can not accomplish scientific
preparatory courses within the given period can not continue to take
courses from the program and their student status end.
There are
two ways of advancement after students begin program lessons: (1) on
the basis of year and passing class and (2) on the basis of term,
passing lesson and credit.
Generally in medicine and dentistry
faculties evaluation is done on year and class pass basis. In programs
that conduct this evaluation system courses, course committee (group),
practices, training course are given at the beginning of the school
term as a whole. Student who registers and renews his/her registry is
considered to be registered in all courses of the program that year. If
student is unsuccessful in one of the courses of the current year,
he/she can not take courses from the upper class for the next year and
repeats the lesson/lessons in which he/she is unsuccessful.
Course
pass and credit system is applied mostly in programs other than
medicine and dentistry. Courses are generally independent from each
other in programs that this system is applied. In programs that this
system is applied, minimum and maximum credit limits that is required
to be taken for each term, compulsory and optional courses, courses
with prerequisites are determined by education regulations that each
university issue. Students take courses within the limits foreseen by
these regulations. Student who provides minimum continuation and
achievement score foreseen for a course is deemed as successful in that
lesson. Courses that the students take do not prevent him/her to pass
to the upper class or take courses from upper class. Student should
take the course/courses that he/she is unsuccessful once again at the
first half term when the course is opened. However in case of
overlapping of repeated lessons with the half term course schedule,
student may not take one of these courses by the decision of the
concerned administrative board. A student has no further connection
with the university if he/she does not take the lesson consecutively
twice that he/she should take without decision by the concerned
administrative board.
While some universities associate the
advancement of the student with the minimum achievement score, some of
them require a specific academic average for the student to continue
his/her program after any half-term. Students who cannot achieve the
foreseen academic average can be obliged to repeat the half-term or
school year. Those students have to take the courses they fail at
first. They can take the courses that they passed before in order to
raise their averages. Students who have to repeat the semester can not
take the courses they did not take before to their programs as long as
they could not raise their general academic averages on or above the
minimum average foreseen. Student who fulfills this requirement resumes
his/her education.
All higher education programs have minimum
credit and maximum year limits. Generally excluding common mandatory
courses (some lessons that students of all the programs have to take
are not included in graduation credit) five year educational programs
contain minimum 160 credits, four year programs minimum 128 credits,
higher vocational school programs minimum 64-credits. Master degree
program with thesis consists of minimum seven lessons; one seminary
lesson and one thesis study totally not less than twenty-one credits.
Master degree program without thesis consists of minimum ten courses
and a term project without thesis, not less than 30 credits totally.
Doctorate programs consist of minimum seven lessons, one qualifying
exam, dissertation research proposal and dissertation study totally not
less than twenty-one credits. Students who are admitted with bachelor’s
degree program consists of minimum 42 credit fourteen lessons,
qualifying exam, dissertation research proposal and dissertation study.
Generally semester credit value for a course is evaluated as the
complete weekly hours of a theoretical course which lasts a semester
plus half of the hours for weekly practice or laboratory hours.
In
higher education institutions associate degree and bachelor’s degree
students are given maximum four years for the two year associate degree
programs and seven year for bachelor’s degree programs to accomplish
their education. Students have to accomplish five year programs maximum
in eight years and six year programs maximum in nine years. Yet at the
end of these periods senior students are given two additional
examination rights including make-up examination for all the lessons
that they fail. At the end of these examinations students who reduce
number of failed lessons to five lessons are given rights to enter for
examinations for three half-terms, students who fail in up to five
lessons without entering additional examinations have the same right
for four half-terms and students who fail in three or less lessons have
the same right without limits. Last term (for the institutions
conducting education on the basis of lesson pass, last year student)
students who pass all lessons required to be graduated from the program
they attained yet are unable to provide the score average that is
foreseen in order to be deemed as successful within the regulations and
therefore came to the condition that their connections may be
terminated with the university are granted limitless examination right
from the last two year lessons of the program that they prefer in order
to raise their score averages. These students are exempt from
continuation to the classes except practical courses and courses that
never taken before. Student who never enters for the examination
consecutively or intermittently for three academic years in total is
considered to be forbearing of limitless examination right and can not
benefit by this right. Students who hold limitless examination right
continue to pay tuition fee but can not benefit by other student right
excluding examination right. Open education students are not restricted
with these limits as long as they benefit by studentship rights.
Maximum
graduation times are determined for graduate programs. According to
this period of accomplishment for a master degree program without
thesis is maximum six half terms and with thesis four half terms,
period of accomplishment for a doctorate program is eight half terms
for the ones who are admitted with master degrees and ten years with
bachelor's degrees. Maximum accomplishment period for the required
credited courses for a doctorate program is four half terms for the
ones who are admitted with master degrees and six half-terms with
bachelor's degrees.
Institutions:
Higher Education Council Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı 06539 Bilkent
Ankara/TÜRKİYE Tel.:+90 312 298 70 00 Fax:+90 312 266 51 53 E-mail:webadmin@yok.gov.tr Website:http://www.yok.gov.tr
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